YES BEN FRANKLIN HAD A
WIFE
THE DEBORAH READ STORY
Deborah
Read Franklin was the common-law wife of Benjamin Franklin, one of the Founding
Fathers of the United States, until her death in 1774.
Little is
known about Read's early life. She was born around 1708, most likely in
Birmingham, England (some sources state she was born in Philadelphia) to John
and Sarah Read, a well-respected Quaker couple. John Read was a moderately
prosperous building contractor and carpenter who died in 1724. Read had three
siblings: two brothers, John and James, and a sister, Frances. The Read family
immigrated to British America in 1711, settling in Philadelphia.
In
October 1723, the about 15-year-old Read met then 17-year-old Benjamin Franklin
when he walked past the Read home on Market Street one morning. Franklin had
just moved to Philadelphia from Boston to find employment as a printer. In his
autobiography, Franklin recalled that at the time of their meeting, he was
walking while carrying "three great puffy rolls". As he had no
pockets, Franklin carried one roll under each arm and was eating the third.
Read (whom Franklin called "Debby") was standing in the doorway of
her home and was amused by the sight of Franklin's "most awkward
ridiculous appearance."
A romance
between Read and Franklin soon developed. When Franklin was unable to find
appropriate living accommodations near his job, Read's father allowed him to
rent a room in the family home. Read and Franklin's courtship continued, and in
1724, Franklin proposed marriage. However, Read's mother, Sarah, would not
consent to the marriage, citing Franklin's pending trip to London and financial
instability.
Read and
Franklin postponed their marriage plans and Franklin traveled to England. Upon
arrival in London, Franklin decided to end the relationship. In a terse letter,
he informed Read that he had no intention of returning to Philadelphia.
Franklin subsequently became stranded in London after Sir William Keith failed
to follow through on promises of financial support
In
Franklin's absence, Read was persuaded by her mother to marry John Rogers, a
British man who has been identified variously as a carpenter or a potter. Read
eventually agreed and married Rogers on August 5, 1725 at Christ Church. The
marriage quickly fell apart as the "sweet-talking" Rogers could not
hold a job and had incurred a large amount of debt before their marriage. Four
months after they were married, Read left Rogers after a friend of Rogers’
visiting from England informed her that Rogers had a wife in his native
England. Read refused to live with or recognize Rogers as her husband. While
the couple were separated, Rogers spent Read's dowry, incurred more debt, and
used the marriage to further his own schemes. In December 1727, Rogers stole a
slave and disappeared. Soon afterward, unconfirmed reports circulated that
Rogers had made his way to the British West Indies, where he was killed in a
fight. In his autobiography, Franklin also claimed that Rogers died in the
British West Indies, but John Rogers' fate has never been verified.
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Despite
his intention to remain in London, Franklin returned to Philadelphia in October
1727. He and Read eventually resumed their relationship and decided to marry.
While Read considered her marriage to her first husband to be over, she could
not legally remarry. At that time, the law in the Province of Pennsylvania
would not grant a divorce on the grounds of desertion; nor could Read claim to
be a widow, as there was no proof that Rogers was dead. If Rogers returned
after Read legally married Franklin, she faced a charge of bigamy which carried
the penalty of thirty-nine lashes on the bare back and life imprisonment with
hard labor.
To avoid
any legal issues, Read and Franklin decided upon a common-law marriage. On
September 1, 1730, the couple held a ceremony for friends and family in which
they announced they would live as husband and wife. They had two children
together: Francis Folger "Franky" (born 1732), who died of smallpox
in 1736 at the age of four, and Sarah "Sally" (born 1743). Read also
helped to raise Franklin's illegitimate son William, whose mother's identity
remains unknown.
In the
play 1776, Franklin was told that William, then the Royal Governor of New
Jersey until he was arrested, and exiled to Connecticut. Franklin referred to
William as “the little bastard”.
By the
late 1750s, Benjamin Franklin had established himself as a successful printer,
publisher, and writer. He was appointed the first postmaster of Philadelphia
and was heavily involved in social and political affairs that would eventually
lead to the establishment of the United States. In 1757, Franklin embarked on
the first of numerous trips to Europe. Read refused to accompany him due to a
fear of ocean travel. While Franklin stayed overseas for the next five years,
Read remained in Philadelphia where, despite her limited education, she
successfully ran her husband's businesses, maintained their home, cared for the
couple's children and regularly attended Quaker Meeting.
Franklin
returned to Philadelphia in November 1762. He tried to persuade Read to
accompany him to Europe, but she again refused. Franklin returned to Europe in
November 1764 where he would remain for the next ten years. Read would never
see Franklin again.
In 1768,
Read suffered the first of a series of strokes that severely impaired her
speech and memory. For the remainder of her life, she suffered from poor health
and depression. Despite his wife's condition, Franklin did not return to
Philadelphia even though he had completed his diplomatic duties. In November
1769, Read wrote Franklin saying that her stroke, declining health and
depressed mental state were a result of her "dissatisfied distress"
due to his prolonged absence. ranklin still did not return but continued to
write to Read. Read's final surviving letter to Franklin is dated October 29,
1773. Thereafter, she stopped corresponding with her husband. Franklin
continued to write to Read, inquiring as to why her letters had ceased, but
still did not return home.
On
December 14, 1774, Read suffered a final stroke and died five days later on
December 19, 1774. She was 66 years old. She was buried at Christ Church Burial
Ground in Philadelphia. Franklin was buried next to her upon his death in 1790.
Does Read
qualify as a great American? Well in terms of contributions to the revolution,
I might give her props for letting Franklin be Franklin. I think her marital
situations at the time of the Revolution gives us an insight into how women
were stuck in roles (not the ones Ben was carrying when he met her) during that
turbulent time. She is a footnote in history and her story might never have
been told if she had married a better man in the first place. By extension her
marriage to Franklin has made her an answer to a question about Franklin’s
personal life. These nuggets of history tell us that these figures frozen in
time as icons, had the same human issues as all of us. (Wikipedia,
Harvard Graduate School of Education, LuLac).